@aaronpk Huh, that's a tough question. Functions and some kind of module-like construct as units of code reuse, and... I guess a syntax for comments?
It's easier for me to list features I think other people might consider mandatory that I don't think are critical, like objects, or loops, or Turing-completeness 😁
Or to list features I wish every language had but can't insist on, like type inference, sum types (aka "tagged unions"), and closures.